At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 46-47 backup crewmember Anatoly Ivanishin of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) signs in Nov. 19 for the start of qualification exams as his crewmates, Kate Rubins of NASA (left) and Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerosp

Credit lineAt the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 46-47 backup crewmember Anatoly Ivanishin of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) signs in Nov. 19 for the start of qualification exams as his crewmates, Kate Rubins of NASA (left) and Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (right, behind Ivanishin) look on. They are the backups to the prime crewmembers, Yuri Malenchenko of Roscosmos, Tim Kopra of NASA and Tim Peake of the European Space Agency, who will launch Dec. 15 in the Soyuz TMA-19M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for a six-month mission on the International Space Station..NASA/Seth Marcantel. NASA/JSC, 2015-11-19. Public domain. ID: jsc2015e102529.